As can be clearly seen on the lesson plans on page 3 of the proposal, this project demonstrates the ISTE Student Standard 4.0: Students use a variety of technologies within a design process to identify and solve problems by creating new, useful or imaginative solutions. The design process includes researching the problem, target consumer, and available resources. Next, students brainstorm potential solutions, then receive feedback to refine their solution to one that will best fit their design constraints and consumers, then produce a sketch or model of the design before printing a final prototype. This is taught at my school through Design class and also through a 10th grade Personal Project; I support teachers by connecting the student's design abilities with awareness of problems facing people with disabilities. The design process should also include a method to test the product and an evaluation of the product driven by both quantitative and qualitative data (Lawson, 2005).
Utilization of a 3D printer addresses the ISTE Educator Standard 6.0: Educators facilitate learning with technology to support student achievement of the ISTE Standards for Students. 3D printers have a multitude of purposes as can be seen in the grant application, including challenging "students to use a design process and computational thinking to innovate and solve problems" (standard 6(c)). By allowing students the freedom and technology to observe, innovate and design solutions, students can contribute to the Center for Assistive Technology and help make accessibility tools for their classmates and community members. Buehler et al. (2016) found 3 major benefits of 3D design and printing: (1) STEM engagement, (2) creation of educational aids to make content accessible, and (3) making customized adaptive technology. At our school, I have observed the first advantage (STEM engagement) and now plan to expand this to points 2 and 3 in our 9th grade Design class by collaborating with the subject teacher and sharing designs from Thingiverse.
The Center for Assistive Technlogy (CAT: see below) is a "maker space" that exemplifies standard 3: The teacher works with others to create environments that support individual and collaborative learning, and that encourage positive social interaction, active engagement in learning, and self-motivation. This is the goal of the CAT: to bring students together at flexible work stations that promote high levels of engagement as well as independent learning. The CAT is a space where students are "working purposefully and collaboratively, within an unstructured, yet focused environment" (Grant & Perez, 2018, p. 139).
The addition of a 3D printer to solve problems encountered by people with disabilities represents standard 3(g): The teacher promotes responsible learner use of interactive technologies to extend the possibilities for learning locally and globally. While we do not currently have a space or resources like this at my school, we do have access to a 3D printer and other design tools and have space within our curriculum to be able to explore potential opportunities.

This map shows an aerial view of an ideal "maker space" which I have named the Center for Assistive Technology. The CAT is modeled on the Classroom of the Future at Chimo Elementary (UpperCanada DSB, 2015). The purpose of such a classroom or center is to find out what students know rather than what they do not know by utilizing standing desks, collaborative work stations and technology to engage learners. According to Dousay (2017) there are 4 key elements in a successful "maker space":
In considering location, Dousay (2017) states that quality wifi access is paramount whilst also paying attention to the accessibility and placement of the classroom within the school. The CAT is placed centrally in the campus, which communicates to all community members that UDL and creative problem solving are integral to our school mission and vision. With wide windows inviting a view into the classroom, this obliterates the old-fashioned stigma of disability services. At the CAT, the concept of disability is replaced by accessibility. Dousay (2017) describes the importance of a "thinking chair" at the University of Wyoming as a focal point of the room; in the CAT this has evolved into a "thinking space" (or corner couch) for collaborative brainstorming.
The CAT is optimally staffed by two specialized technicians consisting of an accessible-design facilitator (Bugaj, 2018) and a student volunteer or intern (Dousay, 2017). The role of the accessible-design facilitator is to brainstorm and collaborate with other school personelle and to stay knowledgeable of available assistive technology (Bugaj, 2018). The center is large enough to accommodate a maximum of 14 students and is a flexible space that can be booked by teachers throughout the school for a specific purpose or group lesson. The staff oversee and maintain the technology and resources and coach their colleagues on the design of inclusive and accessible lessons, communicating to our teachers that learning is life-long.
Equipment may be the most important feature of the CAT. Along with collaborative workspaces, there are both standing and seated desks (at the approved ADA height) and a cubicle work-station. The surface of the standing desks can be raised and lowered or angled. The seating desks have a whiteboard surface to encourage students to generate ideas (UpperCanada DSB, 2015). The cubicle work station may be preferred by students with autism or ADHD but can be used by any students who prefer to work without distractions. Additional equipment in the CAT consists of the 3D printer and finishing station, an assistive technology library, and desktops hooked up to adaptive hardware. In the CAT, students with physical disabilities and/or visual impairments have the freedom to explore a range of adaptive hardware (some printed by our own 3D printer!) and will be able to borrow equipment to use within their general education classrooms.
Most importantly, the CAT is not intended to be a space for students with exceptionalities to work segrated from their peers like a traditional resource room or Special Ed classroom, but is a collaborative space where community members come together to think, explore and problem solve.
Anderson, K. (2018, December 27). With 3D technology, special education students can focus on content—not access. EdSurge. https://www.edsurge.com/news/2017-08-14-with-3d-technology-special-education-students-can-focus-on-content-not-access
Buehler, E., Comrie, N., Hofmann, M., McDonald, S., & Hurst, A. (2016). Investigating the implications of 3D printing in special education. ACM transactions on accessible computing, 8(3), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1145/2870640
Bugaj, C. (2018). The new assistive tech: Make learning awesome for all! International Society for Technology in Education.
Dousay, T. A. (2017). An evolving makerspace for teacher education. International Journal of Designs for Learning, 8(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.14434/ijdl.v8i1.22672
Grant, K., & Perez, L. (2018). Dive into UDL: Immersive practices to develop expert learners. International Society for Technology in Education.
Lawson, B. (2005). How designers think: The design process demystified (4th ed.). Architectural Press.
McKenzie, N. (2017). 3D printed quadrant graph [Photograph]. EdSurge. https://www.edsurge.com/news/2017-08-14-with-3d-technology-special-education-students-can-focus-on-content-not-access
UpperCanada DSB. (2015, November 10). Classroom of the future at Chimo Elementary. [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ye9PrHXi4N4
Copyright © 2021 Genevieve Gardner: Portfolio Project - All Rights Reserved.
All images courtesy of Shutterstock or Wenngage.
Powered by GoDaddy